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　　在通風系統設計中，過濾單元的配置方式直接影響空氣凈化效能與運維成本。內置過濾與外置過濾作為兩種主流方案，其選型需綜合考量空間布局、過濾效率、維護便利性及全生命周期成本，方能實現系統性能與經濟性的平衡。

　　In the design of ventilation systems, the configuration of filtration units directly affects the air purification efficiency and maintenance costs. As the two mainstream solutions, the selection of internal and external filters requires comprehensive consideration of spatial layout, filtering efficiency, maintenance convenience, and full lifecycle costs in order to achieve a balance between system performance and economy.

　　結構形式與空間適配性

　　Structural form and spatial adaptability

　　內置過濾系統將過濾單元集成于通風管道內部，通常采用抽屜式或模塊化設計，直接嵌入風管截面。這種形式對安裝空間要求極低，尤其適合層高受限的既有建筑改造項目。例如，在辦公樓吊頂內敷設管道時，內置過濾器可避免占用額外凈空，但需預留檢修口以便濾材更換。外置過濾系統則獨立于主風管，通過旁通管道或獨立機組實現過濾功能，需配置專用設備間或吊裝空間。對于新建項目，外置方案可規避風管內操作難度，但需在建筑設計階段統籌規劃設備布局。

　　The built-in filtering system integrates the filtering unit inside the ventilation duct, usually using a drawer style or modular design, directly embedded in the duct section. This form has extremely low requirements for installation space, especially suitable for existing building renovation projects with limited floor height. For example, when laying pipes in the ceiling of an office building, a built-in filter can avoid occupying additional clearance, but it is necessary to reserve an access hole for filter material replacement. The external filtering system is independent of the main air duct and achieves filtering function through bypass pipelines or independent units, requiring dedicated equipment or lifting space. For new construction projects, the external solution may specify the difficulty of operating inside the wind shelter, but the equipment layout needs to be planned and coordinated during the architectural design phase.

　　過濾效能與阻力特性

　　Filtering efficiency and resistance characteristics

　　過濾效率方面，兩種方案均能實現從初效到高效的全系列覆蓋。內置系統因濾材直接接觸氣流，容塵量相對較大，但高阻力濾材會導致系統壓降顯著增加。實測數據顯示，采用F9濾材的內置過濾會使風機能耗提升15%-20%，需校核風機曲線確保運行在高效區。外置系統可通過變頻風機動態調節風量，維持恒定靜壓，但旁通管道會產生附加局部阻力。對于潔凈度要求嚴苛的場景，外置方案更易實現多級過濾串聯，如預過濾+高效過濾的組合，延長高級濾材使用壽命。

　　In terms of filtration efficiency, both schemes can achieve full range coverage from initial efficiency to high efficiency. The built-in system has a relatively large dust holding capacity due to the direct contact of the filter material with the airflow, but high resistance filter materials can significantly increase the system pressure drop. Actual test data shows that using F9 filter material for built-in filtration can increase the energy consumption of the fan by 15% -20%. It is necessary to verify the fan curve to ensure that it operates in the high-efficiency zone. The external system can dynamically adjust the air volume through a variable frequency fan to maintain a constant static pressure, but the bypass pipeline will generate additional local resistance. For scenarios with strict cleanliness requirements, external solutions are more likely to achieve multi-stage filtration in series, such as the combination of pre filtration and high-efficiency filtration, extending the service life of advanced filter materials.

　　運維管理與成本分析

　　Operations Management and Cost Analysis

　　維護便利性是選型的關鍵考量。內置過濾器更換需進入風管內部，操作空間受限，單次維護耗時是外置系統的2-3倍。某醫院項目實測顯示，更換內置F7濾材需4人協同作業2小時，而外置機組僅需1人30分鐘即可完成。從全生命周期成本看，內置系統初期投資較低，但濾材更換頻率高，運行5年總成本可能反超外置方案。外置系統雖設備成本高20%-30%，但標準化濾材采購成本可降低15%，且支持在線監測與自動報警功能，減少非計劃停機風險。

　　Convenience of maintenance is a key consideration in selection. The replacement of the built-in filter requires entering the interior of the air duct, which limits the operating space and results in a maintenance time 2-3 times that of the external system. According to actual testing in a hospital project, replacing the built-in F7 filter material requires 4 people to work together for 2 hours, while the external unit only takes 1 person 30 minutes to complete. From the perspective of full lifecycle cost, the initial investment of the built-in system is relatively low, but the frequency of filter material replacement is high, and the total cost after 5 years of operation may exceed that of the external solution. Although the cost of external systems is 20% -30% higher, the procurement cost of standardized filter materials can be reduced by 15%, and they support online monitoring and automatic alarm functions, reducing the risk of unplanned downtime.

　　特殊工況適配策略

　　Adaptation strategy for special working conditions

　　在高溫高濕環境，外置過濾系統可配置獨立溫濕度調節單元，避免濾材受潮失效。對于腐蝕性氣體處理，內置系統需采用316L不銹鋼框架與耐腐蝕密封膠條，而外置機組可通過正壓設計防止氣體侵入電氣艙。在潔凈室應用中，外置方案更易實現氣密性檢測，通過壓力衰減試驗驗證泄漏率≤0.01%/h，內置系統則需分段保壓測試，檢測效率降低50%。

　　In high temperature and high humidity environments, the external filtration system can be equipped with an independent temperature and humidity control unit to prevent the filter material from becoming damp and ineffective. For the treatment of corrosive gases, the built-in system requires a 316L stainless steel frame and corrosion-resistant sealing strips, while the external unit can prevent gas from entering the electrical compartment through positive pressure design. In cleanroom applications, external solutions are easier to achieve airtightness testing, with a leakage rate of ≤ 0.01%/h verified through pressure attenuation tests. For internal systems, segmented pressure holding tests are required, reducing detection efficiency by 50%.

　　選型決策模型

　　Selection Decision Model

　　建立三維評價體系可科學指導選型：

　　Establishing a three-dimensional evaluation system can scientifically guide selection:

　　空間維度：當可用層高＜2.6米或風管間距＜0.5米時，內置系統為必選項；

　　Space dimension: When the available floor height is less than 2.6 meters or the air duct spacing is less than 0.5 meters, the built-in system is a mandatory option;

　　效率維度：對PM2.5去除率要求＞95%時，優先采用外置雙級過濾；

　　Efficiency dimension: When the requirement for PM2.5 removal rate is greater than 95%, external two-stage filtration should be prioritized;

　　成本維度：運行時間＞4000小時/年時，外置系統綜合成本優勢顯現。

　　Cost dimension: When the operating time exceeds 4000 hours per year, the comprehensive cost advantage of external systems becomes apparent.

　　通過典型場景對比可見，醫院手術室因空間局促且需定期消毒，更適合內置HEPA過濾；電子廠房因潔凈度要求高且連續運行時間長，外置方案更具優勢。實際應用中，混合部署模式逐漸興起，如在主風管采用內置初效過濾降低大顆粒負荷，在屋頂設置外置高效過濾機組，實現分級凈化與能效優化。

　　By comparing typical scenarios, it can be seen that hospital operating rooms are more suitable for built-in HEPA filters due to limited space and the need for regular disinfection; Due to high cleanliness requirements and long continuous operation time, the external solution is more advantageous for electronic factories. In practical applications, the hybrid deployment mode is gradually emerging, such as using built-in primary filtration in the main air duct to reduce the load of large particles, and setting up external high-efficiency filtration units on the roof to achieve graded purification and energy efficiency optimization.

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